Ants are ubiquitous and perform many ecologically important functions in various terrestrial ecosystems. Being highly abundant and speciose, they occupy various niches and exert a significant pressure in shaping the invertebrate and flora community. Despite the recognised role of ants as bioindicators in monitoring programmes such as mining restoration and disturbance assessment, ants are rarely utilised in agroecosystems. In vineyards, overseas studies on ants have focussed on the control of Argentine ant, Linepithema humile (Mayr), due to their notorious association with scale insects and mealybugs. Little is known of the ant diversity present in vineyards and their role in shaping the arthropod communities. Pitfall trappings in vineyards in South Australia and Victoria have collected over 100 ant species. Ants are not affected by pesticide applications although application of sulphur seems to have an influence. The role of remnant vegetation and shelterbelts in enhancing ant species richness and spatial distribution is also explored. “Ant mosaics” were observed where ant species were found to occupy mutually-exclusive patches and current findings seem to suggest that adjacent vegetation does favour certain ant species with competition among species also playing a significant role in modifying distribution. The impact of ants on other arthropods is also examined in a vineyard.